The 11 Layers of Citizen Journalism
"Giornalismo partecipativo". E' una delle parole più di moda in questi giorni nel settore dell'informazione.
"Citizen journalism." It's one of the hottest buzzwords in the news business these days.
Molti direttori di giornali stanno probabilmente pensando di avviare qualche iniziativa di giornalismo partecipativo; un numero crescente di loro l'ha già fatto. Ma c'è molta confusione su cosa si intenda per giornalismo partecipativo.
Many news executives are probably thinking about implementing some sort of citizen-journalism initiative; a small but growing number have already done so.
But there's plenty of confusion about citizen journalism.
Di cosa si tratta esattamente? E' qualcosa che sta diventando essenziale per la futura prosperità delle testate giornalistiche? Nelle mie conversazioni e comunicazioni con i redattori, ho colto molta confusione a riguardo di tale concetto.
What exactly is it? Is this something that's going to be essential to the future prosperity of news companies?
In my conversations and communications with editors, I sense plenty of confusion about the concept.
In alcuni casi, c'è entusiasmo in merito alla sperimentazione - cioè riguardo alle potenzialità di un pubblico che per la prima volta possa davvero partecipare ai media informativi.
There's enthusiasm about experimenting in some quarters — about harnessing the power of an audience permitted for the first time to truly participate in the news media.
Ma nella maggior parte dei casi, ho sentito preoccupazione e sano scetticismo. Questo articolo è pensato per aiutare editori e redattori a comprendere il giornalismo partecipativo e
But mostly I hear concern and healthy skepticism.
This article is designed to help publishers and editors understand citizen journalism and how it might be incorporated into their Web sites and legacy media.
Ci occuperemo di come i giornali, intesi come organizzazioni, possano impiegare il concetto di giornalismo partecipativo, e lo affronteremo guardando ai diversi livelli o strati esistenti. Il giornalismo partecipativo non è un unico semplice concetto che si possa applicare universalmente a tutte le organizzazioni giornalistiche.
We'll look at how news organizations can employ the citizen-journalism concept, and we'll approach it by looking at the different levels or layers available. Citizen journalism isn't one simple concept that can be applied universally by all news organizations.
E' molto più complesso, con molte potenziali variazioni. Allora esploriamo le possilità, mettendo la punta del piede nell'acqua del giornalismo partecipativo fino ad includere il reportage amatoriale con il coinvolgimento della vostra intera organizzazione.
It's much more complex, with many potential variations.
So let's explore the possibilities, from dipping a toe into the waters of participatory journalism to embracing citizen reporting with your organization's full involvement.
Partiremo lentamente per costruire le più radicali visioni di cosa sia possible.
1. IL PRIMO PASSO: APRIRE I COMMENTI AL PUBBLICO
Alcuni editori scherzano sul fatto che permettere a chiunque di pubblicare con il loro marchio, rendendo i lettori in grado di aggiungere commenti agli rticoli sul web rappresenti un inizio.
We'll start out slow and build toward the most radical visions of what's possible.
1. The first step: Opening up to public comment
For some publishers skittish about allowing anyone to publish under their brand name, enabling readers to attach comments to articles on the Web represents a start.
Al livello più semplice, i commenti degli utenti offrono la possibilità ai lettori di reagire, criticare, elogiare o aggiungere qualcosa a quanto pubblicato dai giornalisti professionisti. Se guardiamo ai siti di notizie che permettono i commenti degli utenti (e al momento di questa stesura, si tratta ancora di una minoranza di tutti i siti di notizie), vedrete un mix di reazioni degli utenti all'interno dei commenti.
At its simplest level, user comments offer the opportunity for readers to react to, criticize, praise or add to what's published by professional journalists. If you look at news Web sites that allow user comments (and at this writing, it's still a small minority of all news sites), you'll see a mix of user reactions within article comments.
But almost universally, you'll see occasional reader comments that add to what's published. Readers routinely use such comments to bring up some point that was missed by the writer, or add new information that the reporter didn't know about.
Such readers can make the original story better.
Which content should be open to reader comments? Blogs traditionally have included reader comments (though even some of the most popular independent blogs eschew them; e.g., Instapundit), so that's a no-brainer.
Some sites — including Poynter Online, where you're reading this — support user comments on all articles. Do that and you're on your way toward the citizen-journalism experience.
But why not go further; think outside the box a bit? Consider allowing reader comments on things like calendar listings, obituaries, letters to the editor, even classified ads.
Let's think about this: Why does a letter to the editor from a member of the public have to stop with that letter? Why not allow it to spark an online conversation? Comments on a calendar listing might attract citizen reviews from people who've seen a speaker or performer before (an interesting and useful public service). Obituary comments will draw remembrances from people who knew the deceased.
Even allowing comments on classified ads — especially if they are in categories where sellers don't pay for the ad — can be a fascinating exercise and a potentially good public service.
A few words of caution: Some news Web sites have had trouble with readers posting objectionable content in comment areas. This can be at least partially avoided by requiring users to register with the site and submit their names and e-mail addresses before being allowed to post comments, and by establishing a system that makes it easy for site users to report objectionable comments.
I don't want to paint this as easy. As media Web sites that allow comments have learned, you do need to watch what people post.
The key may be to realize that opening up to reader comments requires vigilance, even if the number of problems you are likely to encounter may be slim.
Still, many publishers seemingly remain reluctant to take this first step into citizen journalism.
Even The Northwest Voice, a stand-alone citizen-journalism Web site and newspaper owned by The Bakersfield Californian, which I'll mention in the layers below, doesn't allow reader comments.
Two-way conversation is an imperative characteristic of most citizen journalism, yet it appears to remain threatening to many people in the journalism and publishing professions.
Examples:
- InsideVC.com (Ventura County Star, Calif.).
- Poynter Online (The Poynter Institute's Web site).
- ZDNet.com.
2. Second step: The citizen add-on reporter
A small step up the ladder is to recruit citizen add-on contributions for stories written by professional journalists.
I mean more than just adding a "User Comments" link. I mean that with selected stories, solicit information and experiences from members of the public, and add them to the main story to enhance it.
Here's an example: A series of car break-ins is occurring at trailhead parking lots in your area. A reporter writes a short article about the problem, identifying some of the locations of the vandalism.
As a sidebar to the conventionally written story, trail users are invited to post their experiences of having their cars broken into, including submitting photos.
This approach turns a standard 10-inch minor article into an ongoing story, with victims or witnesses to the crimes contributing information and news over a longer time period.
(Until the culprit is caught and the story fades.) The information from the public serves as a warning to other trail users about which parking lots have had break-in problems.